What is an Open-Source?
Open source means software or program whose source code is publically available in the market and can be manipulated easily and used freely by anyone. This means that the code can be inspected, modified, and enhanced by developers, which can lead to improvements in the software's functionality and security. Open-source is typically developed under collaboration by a community of developers who share their code openly and work together to make improvements. Its basic motto behind open-source means to refine the resources better way.
What is Operating System or O.S.?
An operating system is a software program that manages the computer's hardware and provides services and resources for computer programs to execute. It is the interface between the user and the computer hardware. Some of the popular operating systems present in the market are Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, and Android. The operating system is responsible for performing tasks such as managing memory, managing files and folders, controlling I/O devices, and managing network connections. It also provides a UI that allows users to interact with the computer and get outputs.
Now we're here to learn the Linux operating system right..!, Let's understand it.
What is Linux?
Linux is an open-source operating system based on the Unix operating system. It was first released in September 1991 by Linus Torvalds when he was a student in Helsinki Finland USA. Linux came from the family of Unix but he rewrite the whole code for building the system in his way to be available for free for all. So we can say it's family but not completely.
History
Under the R&D going on in Bell Laboratory in 1964, the project called UNICS (Uniplex Information & Computing Service) was later on withdrew but again in 1969 Denis Ritchie & Ken Thompson started working on it and created this Os as UNIX as open-source means free for all. In 1975 the new version has introduced as UNIX v6 and many companies started acquiring this os and start building their versions like IBM as AIX, Sun Solaris, Mac OS, and HP US these all are considered as flavours of UNIX later on one version came i.e LINUX by Linus Torvalds.
Why do we use Linux?
Linux is known for its stability, security, and flexibility, and is used in a wide range of applications from servers to personal computers, mobile devices, and even supercomputers. It has a large and active community of developers who contribute to its development and improvement. Linux comes in many different distributions, each tailored to specific needs and use cases. Some flavours of Linux are Fedora, CentOs, Ubuntu, Debian and so on. Hence companies use this operating system as their primary infrastructure system.
Basic commands of Linux
mkdir folder #To make directory
mkdir .Newhidden # make a hidden directory (also . before a file to make it hidden)
mkdir A B C D #make multiple directories at the same time
mkdir /home/user/Mydirectory # make a new folder in a specific location
mkdir -p A/B/C/D # make a nested directory
Listing Commands:
ls #list the sub directories and files avaiable in the present directory
ls -l #list the files and directories in long list format with extra information
ls -a #list all including hidden files and directory
ls *.sh #list all the files having .sh extension.
ls -i #list the files and directories with index numbers inodes
ls -d */
Directory Commands:
pwd #present work directory
cd .. #back to main directory
cd #change directory
cd - #Go to the last working directory.
cd ../.. #Change directory to 2 levels back.
These are some basic commands of Linux that help to enter the basic of Linux operations.
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